Post and lintel -The simplest illustration of load and support in construction; in which two upright members (posts, columns, piers) hold up a third member (lintel, beam, girder, rafter) laid horizontally across their top surfaces. This is the basis for the evolution of all openings. But, in its pure form, the post-and-lintel is seen only in colonnades and in framed structures, since the posts of doors, windows, ceilings, and roofs are part of the wall.
Coliseum, Rome
Coffers - a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling or vault. A series of these sunken panels were used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault, also called caissons, or lacunaria, while a coffered ceiling was sometime called a lacunar.
Pantheon, Rome
Arch (round and pointed) - a curved structure that supports the weight of material over an open space, as in a bridge or doorway.
Notre Dame, Paris
Pediment - a element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure, typically supported by columns.
Louvre, Paris
Baroque facade - exterior face of a building; new emphasis was placed on bold massing, collanades, domes, light-and-shade, 'painterly' color effects, and the bold play of volume and void.
St. Peter’s Bascilica, Rome
Dome - a roof form which is usually hemispherical and constructed over a circular, square, or octagonal space in a building.
Duomo, Florence
Oculus - “eye” name of the round opening in the top of the dome and in reference to other round windows and openings.
Pantheon, Rome
Barrel vault - a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design.
Notre Dame, Paris
Stained Glass Windows
Notre Dame, Paris
Steel Construction
Eiffel Tower, Paris
Three Orders of Column
o Doric - It is the simplest of the orders, characterized by short, faceted, heavy columns with plain, round capitols (tops) and no base.
o Ionic - It is distinguished by slender, fluted pillars with a large base and two opposed volutes (also called scrolls) in the echinus of the capital
o Coninthian - the most ornate of the Greek orders, characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate capital decorated with two rows of acanthus leaves and four scrolls. It is commonly regarded as the most elegant of the three orders
St. Paul's Cathedral, London
No comments:
Post a Comment